Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects how a person communicates, interacts with others, and experiences the world. Autism is a spectrum, meaning it affects individuals in different ways and to varying degrees.
Autism can be diagnosed at any age, but signs typically appear by age 2–3.
The exact causes of autism are not fully understood, but research suggests a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
Causes of ASD may include
- Genetic Factors: Autism tends to run in families, and certain genes may increase the likelihood of developing ASD.
- Environmental Factors: Advanced parental age, infections during pregnancy, Complications at birth
The symptoms of ASD vary greatly from person to person, and their severity can range from mild to more significant.
Symptoms of ASD may include
- Difficulty with eye contact, facial expressions, or gestures
- Trouble understanding social cues or emotions
- Preferring to play alone or difficulties making friends
- Repetitive movements (e.g., hand-flapping, rocking)
- Strict adherence to routines or rituals
- Deep interest in specific topics or objects
- Over- or under-reacting to sensory input (e.g., sounds, lights, textures)
ASD and Sensory Seeking: Why It’s Different from ADHD
One of the key features of ASD is sensory processing differences, and this includes behaviours related to sensory seeking. People with autism may engage in sensory-seeking behaviours, which can sometimes be confused with behaviours seen in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), but they are distinct and arise for different reasons.
Treatment and support options may include
- Speech and Language Therapy
- Occupational Therapy
- Sensory integration therapy
- Social skills training
- Educational support (IEPs in schools)
- Parent training programs
While there is no cure for ASD, a range of support strategies can help individuals manage their symptoms, improve skills, and achieve their potential. The goal of treatment is to improve communication, social skills, adaptive behaviour, and help with any sensory sensitivities.
ASD Resources & Support
APPS
Molehill Mountain-
An app has been designed called Molehill Mountain, which is designed specifically for people with autism to help with understanding the self-management of anxiety.
Further details can be found at: www.autistica.org.uk/molehill-mountain
Pokémon Smile
It’s great for parents because the app enables reminders that let children know when they need to brush their teeth, plus has options to set a timer for the desired duration.
WEBSITES
The National Autistic Society (NAS)
Website: The National Autistic Society – Adults
Overview: The National Autistic Society (NAS) is one of the leading autism organisations in the UK. They provide an extensive range of resources and services tailored to adults with ASD. Their website includes information on diagnosis, social skills, mental health, and employment.
Autism Alliance UK
Website: Autism Alliance UK
Overview: Autism Alliance UK is a coalition of 17 specialist autism charities that offer support for individuals across the autism spectrum. They provide advocacy, employment support, and a range of services for adults with autism.
Ambitious About Autism
Website: Ambitious About Autism – Adults
Overview: Ambitious About Autism is a UK-based charity focusing on improving the lives of children and young adults with autism. They offer a variety of education, employment, and life skills programs tailored for young adults and those transitioning to adulthood.